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Post by genie on Nov 21, 2005 14:29:25 GMT 8
ok, let me post up PMR BC paper1
1 B
2 C
3 D
4 C
5 A
6 C
7 A
8 B
9 D
10 D
11 A
12 B
13 C
14 B
15 C
16 B
17 D
18 C
19 D
20 C
21 C
22 B
23 A
24 D
25 C
26 B
27 A
28 B
29 A
30 B
31 A
32 C
33 D
34 D
35 A
36 B
37 A
38 C
39 D
40 D
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Post by nicky on Nov 21, 2005 21:08:09 GMT 8
wow so much bio talk O.O I left all my bio in form 5... sad to say after 1 year i can hardly remember much bio anymore...
I'm not sure if this in syllabus or not but its definetly NIS for a-levels but i am curious... can any of you tell me about the jahn-teller effect and hibirdization... I tried reading wikipedia but its so confusing^^;;
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Post by shinghui on Nov 22, 2005 13:39:05 GMT 8
er.........
hibridization or hibirdization?
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Post by hoyohoyo on Nov 23, 2005 8:03:06 GMT 8
Aaahh..the endosymbiotic hypothesis! Is that what you're referring to hoyohoyo? The theory refers to how eukaryotic cells are a symbiosis consortium of prokaryote cells am I not right? The theory mentioned about how it was possible that the aerobic bacteria invaded the original prokaryote cell (which was believed to have been very much like an anaerobic amoeba) through endocytosis and then each performed mutually benefiting functions? It was when the external world experienced a change to become more pro-oxygen that the bacteria begun to take former function in the prokaryote cells and hence brought about eukaryotic cells and these bacteria endosymbionts were referred to as mitochondria right? Just that in plants, photosynthetic bacteria invaded the cell and hence functioned as what we call now the chloroplasts. Is it impossible for the animalia kingdom to obtain chloroplast? Based on this endosymbiotic theory, I don't deem it too ridiculous for our future generation innumerable years to come (that's if a form of life still exists) to obtain chloroplasts..after all, it is based on mutual benefits.. Do we actually need chloroplasts to be autotrophic? What is in chloroplasts that's so special? And why are chlorophylls green again? (Don't kill me for asking this kor!) Yea.... thanks for the term "endosymbiotic"..... Cell biology is like 2 sems apart from me.... already forgotten.... LOL Organisms will search (passively) for the best form and function for themselves..... and those who cant find the best..... were selected against by the nature.... and extinct eventually....~~ You can simply imagine that.... during the diversion event of the 2 kingdoms, Plant and Animal..... our ancestors.... some of them obtained Chlorophyll through endosymbiotic..... while some of them may have a mutation in their mitochondria related genes that caused them having an high expression of Mitochondrian Organelles in the body..... For the cells that obtained Chlorophyll..... they can provide themselves food..... so they tried to make themselves fully utilizing the ability of chlorophyll..... and thereafter.... when multicelluraties, cell differentions and so on came into the play.... in order to utilize the ability of photosynthesis..... leaves structure developed..... to maximize the absorption of sunlight..... several organs and tissues developed for the sunlight..... and.... you continue the story.... ;D For the cells that has high mito expression..... they have high activities.... and thereafter a higher ability to "hunt" for food..... and slowly.... they developed into animals.... For those cells who obtained nothing?  They lost in the competition in the marathon....~~ Well... it is not impossible for a mammal to "accidentally" obtain chloroplast...... who knows..... but think of it..... Unless the cell positioned at the epidermis of the animal..... else the chlorophyll is Absolutely useless....~~ The chlorophyll will eventually be dumped, or the genes are silenced.... because they are useless..... cells dun wanna waste their effort and energy to produce a useless organelle.... >.< So....the hypothesized fates when you successfully synthesize chloroplast in your epidermis cells are: 1) The White blood cells think that these cells are alien.... and kill them..... 2) The cells sense an unusual expression in themselves.... and may call for a cell death mechanism..... >.< 3) The cells may proliferate well..... but you eat very well daily.... there's sufficient food for you to survive..... why bother to depend on the small amount of food that produced??? 4) .... to be added... LOL There are still a number of things can be added though.....  |
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Post by hoyohoyo on Nov 23, 2005 8:06:40 GMT 8
Food for thought..... for you guyz who seems to be quite interesting in Biology.... The question of Chicken and egg..... Nucleic Acid first??? Or Proteins first??? |
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Post by Jane on Nov 23, 2005 20:55:56 GMT 8
anyone wants pmr objective paper answers just add me in msn i'll give da answers...for Sejarah BM1 ENG1 MATHS1 GEO SC1... KH is soalan tertutup so cannot.. thx~ can i have english 1 n sc1's answer ? |
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Post by gymnast on Nov 26, 2005 19:29:50 GMT 8
erm...wow wow wow...all in english...but im still using bm...considered out dated d..haha
can i ask u guys some question...is quite easy but i dunno coz im stupid...
1. sindrom turner...we should write 22+X or 44+XO
2.sindrom klinefelter....22+XXY or 44+XXY
which 1 is correct and what the difference? for the 1st question why in 44+XO, there is a O?
thx thx
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Post by gymnast on Nov 26, 2005 19:31:22 GMT 8
can help me if u all know..hehe..thx
1.pesakit hipertensi mempunyai risiko tinggi untuk menghadapi kerosakan ginjal. dengan menggunakan penerangan anda untuk soalan(d)-(berkaitan dengan proses ultraturasan). terangkan bagaimana kerosakan ginjal mungkin berlaku. (2m)
2. analisis kandungan struktur L (liku henle) dan J (glomerulus) menunjukkan banyak perbezaan. terangkan bagaimana perbezaan ini dihasilkan (3m)
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Post by kenrick on Nov 26, 2005 19:45:07 GMT 8
erm...wow wow wow...all in english...but im still using bm...considered out dated d..haha can i ask u guys some question...is quite easy but i dunno coz im stupid... 1. sindrom turner...we should write 22+X or 44+XO 2.sindrom klinefelter....22+XXY or 44+XXY which 1 is correct and what the difference? for the 1st question why in 44+XO, there is a O? thx thx 1. Really depends on the question. 22+X is the normal chromosome 'arrangement' for a female or male gamete. 22 + O denotes that there is no sex chromosome in the gamete. If the question demands for the chromosome number/ arrangement for the deficient zygote, the answer is 44 + XO. 2. There is no such thing as a 22 + XXY, or should I say that it has never been discovered. The chromosome arrangement for the resulting 'defunct' zygote is 44 + XXY. The two gametes forming this are the normal female 22+X and a defunct 22+XY from the male gamete. |
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Post by kenrick on Nov 26, 2005 20:08:41 GMT 8
can help me if u all know..hehe..thx 1.pesakit hipertensi mempunyai risiko tinggi untuk menghadapi kerosakan ginjal. dengan menggunakan penerangan anda untuk soalan(d)-(berkaitan dengan proses ultraturasan). terangkan bagaimana kerosakan ginjal mungkin berlaku. (2m) 2. analisis kandungan struktur L (liku henle) dan J (glomerulus) menunjukkan banyak perbezaan. terangkan bagaimana perbezaan ini dihasilkan (3m) 1. "Not too sure about this one. Just my deduction": The increased hydrostatic pressure because of hypertension will cause a bigger 'jam' between the afferent arteriole and the efferent arteriole (the efferent arteriole has reached its limit; because its diameter is small, it cannot let through a greater volume of blood than before). The difference in hydrostatic pressures will result in a larger volume of glomerular filtrate, and thus the kidney will have to 'work harder' to selectively reabsorb the filtrate's contents. (my sister thinks it has more to do with the velocity of circulation of blood and the frequency at which it reaches the kidneys. But I tend to disagree. Do give it a think.) 2. I don't know the level of answer this expects though. I would probably divide it into three parts: - There is active transport of sodium ions from the proximal convoluted tubule's membrane cells into the blood vessel. Sodium ions from the lumen of the tubule then diffuse gradually down a concentration gradient into the membrane cells through co-transporter proteins,bringing with it glucose molecules. This settles glucose and sodium ions.-As a result of the more negative solute potential in the membrane cells, a great deal of water is also reabsorbed here through osmosis. A lot of urea and all the potassium ions and amino acids are reabsorbed here too. -This leaves little for content of the liku Henle. Maybe you can also mention the selective reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions here. (refer to the counter-current multiplier effect) |
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dZiRe
Toddler
<3 *~.::daNieL.::~* <3
Posts: 170
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Post by dZiRe on Nov 26, 2005 20:43:01 GMT 8
hey iris. whr u get the answers from? 100% confirm?
if not den how many % confirm?
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Post by nicky on Nov 30, 2005 21:37:09 GMT 8
er......... hibridization or hibirdization? hahaha its hibridisation XD i misspelled XD |
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lin327
Toddler
Daniel Forever!
Posts: 153
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Post by lin327 on Dec 19, 2005 17:05:19 GMT 8
Aaaah!! PMR results coming out this thursday. Anybody nervous about it?
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Post by cmy1612 on Dec 19, 2005 18:00:47 GMT 8
..hello pinkies...PMR candidates.. here is answers for BM1.. errm..the school teacher gave it to us so i can't guarantee whether its 100% or not..sry if i am wrong.. 1 C 2 B 3 D 4 C 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 A 9 B 10 C 11 D 12 B 13 A 14 B 15 C 16 D 17 C 18 B 19 C 20 A 21 C 22 D 23 A 24 C 25 B 26 NOT SURE..MAYBE BONUS 27 B 28 A 29 B 30 D 31 A 32 C 33 A 34 D 35 A 36 B 37 A 38 D 39 B 40 C hahaZZ!!thz for da answers iris...I can giv my fren...heheZZ!!! ;D if it's wrong nvm la...  |
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evelyn
Toddler
~::*Eve*::~
Posts: 103
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Post by evelyn on Dec 19, 2005 23:40:48 GMT 8
I'm nervous about it....d**n scared man!
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They lost in the competition in the marathon....~~
